Sheet 34Mix-up sheet · Incident investigation, JHAs and escalation
Job hazard analysis for STSC supervisors
A job hazard analysis (JHA) is the written study a supervisor and crew make of one job before the work starts, so the protections are settled on paper instead of improvised at the moment of exposure. It is easy to confuse with the pre-task plan and the toolbox talk, which grow out of it.
A written breakdown of one job, done in advance and kept for reuse and revision. Also called a job safety analysis (JSA).
Pre-task plan
A short plan the crew fills out at the start of a shift, drawn from the JHA. An industry practice; no federal OSHA standard requires one.
Site-specific safety plan
Covers the whole project: site rules, the high-hazard activities, and contacts and procedures that usually include the emergency action plan. Also an industry practice with no CFR section behind it.
Toolbox talk
A short crew meeting on one topic. OSHA's guidance on safety programs lists toolbox talks and tailgate meetings among the ways to involve workers.
Talking point 02
Five questions for every step
What can go wrong?
What are the consequences if it does?
How could it happen?
What else contributes to it?
How likely is it?
Talking point 03
Put the analysis to work
Method first, then field calls: how the analysis runs, who should help write it, and what a pre-task plan is for when the crew signs it every morning.
Card 1 of 6 · 0 right
Card 1
Once a job has been selected for a job hazard analysis, in what order should the supervisor carry out the core analysis?
Pick an answer. A short note for each option, A to D, appears here.
AIncident history is useful input, but jumping to PPE skips the step-by-step hazard analysis that drives control selection.
BCorrect: a JHA breaks the job into steps, identifies the hazards of each step and then selects controls for each hazard.
CChoosing controls first reverses the logic, since no hazards have yet been identified to control.
DIdentifying hazards before listing steps misses hazards tied to specific steps, and PPE is not the only control to consider.
Card 2
What is the PRIMARY reason for breaking a job into individual steps when conducting a job hazard analysis?
Pick an answer. A short note for each option, A to D, appears here.
AEstimating labor hours is a scheduling task, and a JHA is not an estimating tool.
BA JHA evaluates the job, not the person doing it, so it is not a performance review.
CCorrect: breaking the job into steps lets the analyst pin down the hazards of each step and match each with a control.
DA JHA can later support a written procedure, but that is a by-product rather than its purpose.
Card 3
A supervisor is preparing a job hazard analysis for a new formwork task. Which practice will MOST improve the accuracy of the JHA?
Pick an answer. A short note for each option, A to D, appears here.
ARating individual workers' skill turns the analysis toward people, while a JHA evaluates the job itself.
BA safety manager working alone misses the field knowledge of the crew that knows the real steps and shortcuts.
CA JHA from another project misses the site-specific conditions, equipment and sequence of this formwork task.
DCorrect: the workers who will do the task know its real steps and hazards, and involving them also builds buy-in for the controls.
Card 4
A JHA for setting precast wall panels was written last month. Which event MOST clearly requires the supervisor to review and revise it?
Pick an answer. A short note for each option, A to D, appears here.
AA new project manager does not change the method, hazards or controls of panel setting.
BCorrect: a near miss with the current method is direct evidence that its hazards or controls may be wrong, so the JHA is reviewed.
CA new crew member needs training on the existing JHA, not a rewrite of it.
DNo fixed 30-day revision cycle applies; JHAs are revised after incidents, near misses or changes in the job.
Card 5
A foreman's pre-task plan for setting precast wall panels lists the steps, the crew and the PPE. Which addition MOST improves it as a hazard-control tool?
Pick an answer. A short note for each option, A to D, appears here.
ADelivery and crane timing belong in the production briefing and do not identify what can hurt the crew.
BA generic site-wide list does not tell the crew which hazards apply to each step of this pick.
CCorrect: linking each step to its specific hazards and controls is what turns a task plan into a hazard-control tool.
DRestating rules and discipline policy adds no task-specific hazard information or controls.
Card 6
A foreman's crew has started signing yesterday's pre-task plan each morning without discussing it, even though work locations change daily. What is the PRIMARY purpose the crew is missing?
Pick an answer. A short note for each option, A to D, appears here.
ACorrect: a pre-task plan exists to identify the hazards of the day's specific work, location and conditions so controls are set before exposure.
BA signature proves attendance, but documentation without a real hazard review gives the crew no protection.
CSatisfying a paperwork rule is a side effect; the review exists to catch today's hazards.
DTraining verification is a separate function that a daily pre-task review does not replace.
Talking point 04
One job, broken down
Worked example: taking out a non-load-bearing interior partitionscroll →
Step
What can go wrong
Control
Find out what runs inside the wall
Cutting into a live circuit or a pressurized line
De-energize and lock out, test before cutting, cap the lines
Strip the board and cut the studs
Dust, cuts from blades and sheet edges, saw kickback
Tools with dust collection, guards in place, cut-resistant gloves
Carry out the debris
Strains, trips on scrap, a fall through the floor opening used for the chute
Cart or enclosed chute with a guarded opening, a cleared path
Hand the area over
Nails and scrap left for the next trade
Magnetic sweep, area walked with the next foreman
Each control is the highest tier that fits the step, using the hierarchy of controls: the cart beats a reminder to lift carefully.
Talking point 05
Revisions, priorities and wording traps
OSHA's guide to the method, Job Hazard Analysis (OSHA 3071), puts some jobs first in line: those with the highest injury and illness rates, those that could cause severe harm, those where one simple human error leads to injury, new or recently changed jobs, and jobs complex enough to need written steps.
The same guide warns against two ways of getting the breakdown wrong: steps so detailed that the form becomes unreadably long, or so broad that basic steps disappear. It also asks for a review on a regular schedule and whenever the job shows a weak spot, and for retraining the workers covered whenever the JHA changes.
Watch the verb. No federal standard requires a pre-task plan or a site-specific safety plan, so "OSHA requires" one is wrong on its wording, however good the practice is.